Research Library

We cite our sources because a science-forward brand should be checkable. This is a small, deliberately conservative library. The human creatine literature is large; the canine supplementation literature is much smaller. These references provide context for how creatine works and how muscle condition is assessed in dogs — they are not proof that Creatine Canine produces a specific outcome.

• Lowe JA, Murphy M, Nash V. Changes in plasma and muscle creatine concentration after increases in supplementary dietary creatine in dogs. J Nutr. 1998;128(12 Suppl):2691S–2693S. PMID 9868243. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Banton S, Braun U, Squires EJ, Shoveller AK. Addition of a combination of creatine, carnitine, and choline to a commercial diet increases postprandial plasma creatine and creatinine concentrations in adult dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2022. PMID 36504876; PMCID PMC9731106. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Varney JL, Fowler JW, Gilbert WC, Coon CN. Utilisation of supplemented L-carnitine for fuel efficiency, as an antioxidant, and for muscle recovery in Labrador retrievers. J Nutr Sci. 2017;6:e8. PMID 28620483. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Varney JL, Fowler JW, McClaughry TC, et al. L-Carnitine metabolism, protein turnover and energy expenditure in supplemented and exercised Labrador Retrievers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2020;104(5):1540–1550. PMID 32557872; PMCID PMC7540169. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

• WSAVA Global Nutrition Guidelines. Official nutrition guidance and muscle condition score tools for companion animals. wsava.org
• Freeman LM, et al. WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract. 2011;52:385–396.
• Freeman LM. Cachexia and sarcopenia: emerging syndromes of importance in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2012;26(1):3–17.

Muscle Check is an owner-facing strength and function check, not a diagnostic tool. Nothing on this page should be read as a claim that Creatine Canine treats, prevents, or reverses any condition.