Research Library

We cite our sources because a science-forward brand should be checkable. This is the running list of the research and references behind our content. It grows as we publish. Where a claim on our site links to a source, that source lives here. Where the research in dogs is still early, we'd rather point you to it and let you judge than hide behind a confident sentence.

• How creatine is made / synthesis vs. animal sourcing — Biology Insights. Explains that supplemental creatine is chemically synthesized from sarcosine and cyanamide, not extracted from animal tissue. biologyinsights.com
• Creatine monohydrate composition and manufacture — Bubs Naturals. Details the monohydrate structure and synthesis into a bio-identical molecule. bubsnaturals.com
• Vegan status of creatine and the capsule caveat — Cymbiotika. Covers why the powder is animal-free and where gelatin capsules are the exception. cymbiotika.com

• Creatine, carnitine, and choline in adult dogs — peer-reviewed study finding creatine is absorbed and remains elevated up to ~6 hours post-meal in dogs. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Overview of creatine's role and canine research — Advanced Animal Care. Summarizes the ATP energy system and emerging canine findings. advancedanimalcare.shop

Note: as we publish the dog-specific and safety pages, their citations get added here.